Although sorghum (Sorghum bicolour)is a C4 crop and uses nitrogen (N), CO2, solar radiation and water more efficiently than most winter cereals (C3 crops), N nutrition can still be a major limitation to crop yields and profitability. Depending on soil N fertility, farmers apply anywhere between 0 and 200 kg N ha−1 in sorghum production in Northern NSW. Although adequate supply of N to crops is fundamental to optimize crop yields, mismanagement of N, such as excessive N application, can result in poor economic returns from fertiliser investments. Recently it has been identified that there is limited information on the N response curve and soil N test calibrations for sorghum in the northern grains region. In the 2012/2013 growing season trials at Bullarah, Tamworth, Pine Ridge, Gurley and Terry Hie Hie were established to determine N response in sorghum. Starting soil nitrate concentrations between the sites ranged from <10 to 155 kg N/ha (0-120 cm). At each site there were 8 N rates ranging from 0 to 200 kg N/ha applied at planting. Yield and grain N removal will be determined and used to develop a N response curves and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) benchmarks. In addition, a series of gross margin analyses will be conducted to determine the return on investment from fertiliser N inputs.